Causes of cell ageing in agriculture

¹ FSBEI HE "Smolensk State Agricultural Academy", 10/2, Bolshaya Sovetskaya st., Smolensk, 214000, Russian Federation
² Municipal budgetary educational institution "Secondary school No. 28" of the city of Smolensk, 14, Bakunina str., Smolensk, 214000, Russian Federation

^* Corresponding author: borisowaveronika@yandex.ru

Abstract

The issues of cell and cell cycle ageing are considered in the article, their causes are clarified. The importance of apoptosis, destroying old cells with mutations and injuries, accumulated during their life, and making room in the body for new cells has been found out. The importance of cell ageing for triggering apoptosis, destroying mutated, degraded, injured cells has been established. A correlation between cell wear and tear, which occurs due to insufficiently rapid recovery, and mutations that can turn a cell into a cancerous one, which is dangerous for other cells, has been found. The main causes of cell cycle ageing in the organism prior to 25 and after 25 years were identified in the study. A correlation between cell repair and telomere length has been established. Cell repair for the majority of cell types, as well as the active restoration of cell number, if one of them dies for any reason, occur in the body up to 25 years of age. Telomeres are shortened during cell division, but up to 25 years of body age a newly born cell is capable to restore degraded organoids. At the same time, up to 25 years of age, the state of the cell is not related to the length of its telomeres and telomeres are not an indicator of cell condition. The cell is able to keep track of the division number based on the length of its telomeres. When telomeres reach a certain length, the cell stops repairing and reduces the division rate. For this reason, some cells that do not exhibit high division rate, recover longer and better, and exist in the body throughout the organism life.