The Impact of Chitosan Incorporation on the Mechanical Characteristics of Biodegradable Packaging based on PLA/PCL Blend

¹ Department of Chemical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Lhokseumawe, Lhokseumawe, Aceh 24301, Indonesia
² Department of Dermato Venereology, Medical Faculty, Syiah Kuala University, Aceh 23111, Indonesia
³ Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Kota Medan 20222

^* Corresponding author: suryani.salimpnl@gmail.com

Abstract

The development of environmentally sustainable plastics has gained prominence due to their eco-friendliness and renewable nature. In this research, eco-friendly plastic was formulated by blending Polylactic Acid (PLA) and Polycaprolactone (PCL) with the incorporation of chitosan as a filler. The primary objective of this study is to scrutinize and delineate the influence of varying compositions of PLA/PCL/chitosan on the mechanical attributes of eco-friendly plastics. This was achieved through hot pressing methods at a temperature of 200°C for a duration of 1 hour. The composition ratios for PLA/PCL were set at 2/8 g, 3/7 g, 5/5 g, 7/3 g, and 8/2 g, while chitosan compositions ranged from 0.2 g to 0.6 g. Comprehensive assessment of the eco-friendly plastics involved biodegradability tests, tensile strength measurements, elongation evaluations, functional group analyses, and examination of plastic film morphology. Optimal performance, ascertained through characterization, was achieved with a composition of PLA/PCL/Chitosan at 8/2/0.6 g, yielding a 38.8% degradation rate, a tensile strength of 42.53 MPa with a composition of PLA/PCL/Chitosan at 8/2/0.4 g, and an elongation of 6.96% with a composition of PLA/PCL/Chitosan at 8/2/0.2 g. The functional groups identified included N-H, C-H, C=O, and C-O groups, indicating a blending process without the formation of new functional groups. Morphology testing revealed a smooth surface, although some undissolved chitosan particles were evident, likely due to non-uniform blending.