| Issue |
E3S Web Conf.
Volume 509, 2024
2nd International Conference on Sustainable Nanotechnology & Nanomaterials (ICONN-2023)
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Article Number | 02001 | |
| Number of page(s) | 5 | |
| Section | Nanobiotechnology and Biological Applications | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202450902001 | |
| Published online | 08 April 2024 | |
A mini-review on non-enzymatic electrochemical biosensing techniques for creatinine determination
1 Department of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali – 140413, Punjab, India
2 University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali – 140413, Punjab, india
* Corresponding author: dr.deepakkukkar@gmail.com
The escalation of industrial activities over the past century has significantly heightened human exposure to heavy metals, posing grave threat to the health as well as the environment. Cadmium, mercury, and lead are few of the many heavy metals. They are prevalent pollutants and are absorbed, retained, and accumulated within the human body. On the basis of the absorbed dosage, exposure route, and duration, the range of the toxicity fluctuate. While these metals are essential in limited quantities, excessive exposure can lead to severe health complications and disorders. This review examines the mechanisms and adverse effects of cadmium, mercury, and lead on human health when present in exceedingly large amounts.
© The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2024
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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