Tapak Liman (Elephantopus scaber) crude extract induces polyploidy in shallot root (Allium cepa war ascalonium (L))

Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia

^* Corresponding author: isnawati@unesa.ac.id

Abstract

This study investigates the impact of induction time and concentration of Tapak Liman (Elephantopus scaber) crude extract on the effectiveness of polyploidy in shallot root (Allium cepa var ascalonium (L). Several parameters were observed, including the mitotic index of cells, the type of polyploidy, percentages of polyploidy cells, and the morphological changes in the polyploid shallot root (Allium cepa var ascalonium (L)) cell. Variations in the concentration of Elephantopus scaber extract were used namely 0% (control), 10%, 20%, and 30% in 100 ml of distilled water. The response variable was the percentages mitotic index formed. Control variables were the type of onion, the size of the onion, the extracted E. scaber variety, the extract volume, and the environmental conditions of the experiment. All parts of Tapak Liman as extracted using the water crude extraction method on all aspects of Tapak Liman. Red onion cell root preparations were squashed and dyed using hematoxylin dyes. The data obtained were mitotic index, % of polyploidy cell counts, polyploidy types, and morphological changes in the polyploid cell onion roots. Data are presented in tabular and graphical form and interpreted using quantitative descriptive and qualitative descriptive methods. From the research results, the best concentration to induce polyploidy in shallot root was 30% of Tapak Liman extract with a polyploid cell percentage of 58.65%. The best polyploid was 45 hours, with the percentage of polyploid-induced cells being 37.1%. The best combination of concentration and length of induction of crude extract of Tapak Liman was a concentration of 30% 45 hours induction time resulting in 87,35% polyploid cells.