Coagulation-flocculation parameters for simultaneous removal of nitrates, nitrites, phosphates, and ammonium from wastewater: A mini review

¹ Applied Chemistry Team, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, 39000 Al Hoceima, Morocco
² Water and Environment Management Unit, National School of Applied Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, 39000 Al Hoceima, Morocco

Abstract

This mini review delves into the critical need to effectively eliminate nitrates, nitrites, phosphates, and ammonium from wastewater to mitigate environmental pollution and uphold water quality standards. Stemming from various human activities like agricultural runoff, industrial processes, and municipal discharges, these pollutants pose significant risks to both aquatic ecosystems and human health if left unaddressed. The study primarily focuses on the efficacy of coagulation-flocculation as a treatment method, which involves the addition of chemicals known as coagulants to destabilize the pollutants. The review further examines the influence of various parameters such as pH, coagulant dosage, and temperature on the simultaneous removal of these contaminants [1,2]. Through detailed analysis, it elucidates the complex interactions among these factors and their consequential impact on overall removal efficiency. Moreover, it underscores the significance of adopting advanced treatment methods like coagulation-flocculation. Additionally, it emphasizes the ongoing need for further research and optimization to address the evolving challenges of wastewater pollution and water resource management comprehensively. By providing insights into optimizing coagulation-flocculation processes, this review underscores the importance of tailored treatment strategies for comprehensive pollutant removal.