Cultural heritage management from traditional methods to digital systems: A review from bim to digital twin

Technical University of Kosice, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Institute of Construction Technology, Economics and Management, Vysokoskolska 4, 042 00 Kosice, Slovakia

^* Corresponding author: maria.grazianova@tuke.sk

Abstract

In each phase of work, the client should be able to analyze, assess, and manage project quality according to their specific needs. Traditionally, this verification and control process is manual, relying on drawings, images, and renderings to evaluate design quality and alignment with client expectations. However, when requirements change, it becomes challenging to ensure the project still meets the client's demands. Digitization processes enhance collaboration between contractors and designers through analysis and control tools that facilitate data sharing and ensure compliance with specifications. Despite the lack of traditional management data making, it difficult to quantify economic benefits precisely, digitization coupled with facilities management (FM) has proven advantages. Real-time access to complete and accurate information optimizes activities and saves time otherwise spent searching for necessary data. The research aims to review the evolution of building heritage management from traditional methods to digitization systems, highlighting the key differences these new systems bring to existing buildings, whether historic or simply old.