Asymmetric Supercapacitors-New Power Sources for Electric Vehicles: Nanomaterials in Electrodes

Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai, 200240, China

^* Corresponding author: Enigma-H@sjtu.edu.cn

Abstract

With the gradual increase in demand for new energy, new types of energy storage devices have rapidly developed in recent years. Currently, new energy batteries led by lithium-ion batteries have begun to be applied in the automotive field. However, lithium-ion batteries suffer from issues such as low energy density, slow charging rates, and short operational lifespans. To mitigate and address the drawbacks of lithium-ion batteries, researchers have begun developing supercapacitors. This article first categorizes and compares some common energy storage devices, concluding that supercapacitors have significant advantages in charging rates and stability. Then, based on the dimensionality of nanomaterials, it categorizes and compares electrode materials used in supercapacitors, discussing three ways of constructing electrodes using 1D, 2D, and 1D-2D combined materials. Through classification, comparison, and discussion, it ultimately concludes that growing nanomaterials on a millimeter-scale structural substrate effectively increases material specific surface area and stability, thereby greatly enhancing the performance of supercapacitors.