Immunotherapy in Breast Cancer: Situation and Challenge

Medical school, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, China

^* Corresponding author: asolis81621@student.napavalley.edu

Abstract

Breast cancer (BC) is a huge worldwide health concern that necessitates novel therapeutic approaches. Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising avenue, leveraging the immune system’s intrinsic capabilities to combat malignancies. This review examines the mechanisms, recent advances and future prospects of BC immunotherapy using monoclonal antibodies (MABs), immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), cytokines, vaccines and CAR T-cells. The objective of this paper is to offer a comprehensive understanding of the complexities of immunotherapeutic methods, their mechanisms of action, and their potential influence on the treatment of BC. Studies have found that MABs provide targeting precision, ICIs disrupt immune evasion, cytokine therapies modulate immune responses, vaccines stimulate anti-tumor immunity, and CAR T cells provide personalized immune modulation. Clinical trials have showcased encouraging outcomes, particularly in aggressive and metastatic cases. However, Immunotherapy in BC treatment faces limitations such as varying responses among patients and the development of resistance mechanisms by cancer cells. Further research is needed to address these challenges and enhance the effectiveness of this approach.