Investigating the effects of SARS-CoV-2 genetic mutations: Transmissibility, clinical severity, diagnostic implications and case study vaccine designs

Biochemical Engineering Department, University Collège London (UCL), United Kingdom

^* Corresponding author: zcbelhe@ucl.ac.uk

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 comprises a diverse group of viruses responsible for illnesses ranging from the common cold to more serious respiratory diseases. Among coronaviruses, the four primary subgroups of note are Alphacoronavirus, Beta, Gamma, and Delta coronavirus. This paper examines genetic mutations on the transmissibility of variants in comparison to the original strains, emphasizing the potential consequences for pathogenicity and transmissibility. It underscores the significance of identifying genomic variants and their correlation with viral infectivity and COVID-19 severity to facilitate pandemic control and evolution investigation. Furthermore, the review paper explores the intricate relationship between specific mutations and the severity of COVID-19 symptoms, drawing on global data from clinical studies and surveillance to aid healthcare professionals in resource allocation and tailored treatment strategies. The review encompasses analyses of symptom severity, variations in clinical outcomes among different SARS-CoV-2 variants, and innovative approaches such as reverse vaccinology and adapted vaccines targeting Omicron subvariants. These findings collectively contribute to our understanding of the evolving pandemic and offer potential solutions for its mitigation and control.