Nano Material Application in Wastewater Treatment

¹ Center for Informetrics and statistics, SR University, Anantasagar, Hasanparthy, Telangana, India, 506371
² Department of Civil Engineering, SR University, Anantasagar, Hasanparthy, Telangana, India, 506371
³ Department of H&Sc, SR University, Anantasagar, Hasanparthy, Telangana, India, 506371

^* Corresponding Author: jayasrimateti19@gmail.com

Abstract

Acid rain and water pollution resulting from industrial effluents, agricultural runoff and domestic discharges have become matters of global concern. To overcome these challenges, the use of nanomaterials in the removal of pollutants in wastewater is still known to be a novel and effective solution. This review paper aims at discussing the various types of nanomaterials namely, nanoparticles, nanocomposites and nanostructures and the way they have been used in improving the treatment of wastewater. It describes the process of adsorption, catalytic degradation, and membrane filtration, which are the three main ways through which pollutants such as heavy metals, organic compounds and bacterial pathogens are eliminated from water by nanomaterials. The review underscores other benefits of nanomaterials including high specific surface area, activity and potential for regeneration, which stand them in good stead for effectiveness and sustainability in water treatment processes. It addresses the issues related to the increased application of nanomaterials, such as their effect on the environment, a question of cost, and possibility to expand the use of nanomaterials. Future work directions are then identified based on burn-out issues applicable to future studies on multifunctional nanomaterial synthesis and in the progressive incorporation of nanotechnology with conventional wastewater treatment systems.