Comparative Evaluation of Photovoltaic and Solar Thermal Installations for Water Heating at Hotel Casa Del Árbol Galerías in San Pedro Sula

Faculty of engineering, Universidad Tecnológica Centroamericana (UNITEC), San Pedro Sula, Honduras

^* Corresponding author: jcruz13@unitec.edu

Abstract

This research arises from the growing need to reduce energy consumption and CO₂ emissions in the hotel sector, which has traditionally relied on centralized heating systems based on fossil fuels. The primary objective of this study was to determine which of these solar technologies, photovoltaic or solar thermal, offers greater benefits in terms of energy efficiency, economic viability, and environmental sustainability. To this end, a detailed analysis was conducted on the installation and operational costs of both systems, as well as their environmental impact, measured in terms of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction. The methodology employed included tools such as Microsoft Excel and specialized software (PVSOL and TSOL) to model the performance of the systems under real operating conditions in the hotel. Additionally, the return on investment (ROI) for each technology was evaluated, providing a clear understanding of their long-term economic viability. The results obtained showed that the photovoltaic system managed to avoid a significant amount of emission of CO₂ per year, with a positive ROI starting from the fourth year of operation, highlighting its versatility and ability to generate electricity that can be used in various applications within the hotel. On the other hand, the solar thermal system avoided less amount of emission of CO₂ annually and, although its ROI was also positive, its application is more specific, being particularly efficient for direct water heating and presenting a lower initial cost compared to the photovoltaic system. In conclusion, both solar technologies offer significant benefits, but their suitability depends on the specific context and operational needs of the hotel. While the photovoltaic system provides greater versatility and a faster economic return, the solar thermal system is more efficient for direct water heating applications. This study provides a solid foundation for informed decisions regarding the implementation of renewable energy technologies in the hotel sector, contributing to long-term sustainability and energy efficiency.