Spatial distribution of the ozone layer and its relationship with temperature and relative humidity over Iraq for the year 2024 using R.S and GIS techniques

¹ Department of remote sensing and GIS, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
² Department of of remote sensing and geographic information systems, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq

^* Corresponding author: Khedr.Ali2309@sc.uobaghdad.edu.iq

Abstract

The climate of Iraq is one of the most changeable countries in the Middle East, as well as facing many environmental challenges, the most important of which is the high temperature and humidity above normal, and this may cause depletion and increase of the ozone hole, leading to major problems for humanity and other living organisms. The research aims to study the spatial distribution of the ozone layer and its relationship to temperature and relative humidity on Iraq for the year 2024 using GIS technologies, where data were obtained from satellites at 132 stations recorded by the government website (NASA Earth data). The study selected the whole of Iraq from North to South for the year (2024) over four semesters (winter, summer, autumn, spring). I use geographic information systems software to collect, process and analyze spatial data and use the SPSS (Version 26) program in statistical analysis to find out the correlation coefficient and the strength of the relationship between them. After obtaining the results, it was found that in winter the relationship between heat and humidity with ozone and the strength of the relationship is inverse and average, while in summer the ozone rate is low and the correlation relationship is also inverse and strong, and we noticed that in spring the ozone gas rate was high and the correlation relationship is directly and weak with heat and humidity, and in autumn the strength of the correlation feed was inverse and strong. The average strength of the correlation of temperature with ozone was more than humidity throughout the year, with the strength of the correlation of heat with ozone in the summer (0.57-), in winter (0.58-), in autumn (0.73-) and in spring (0.11).