MATLAB/Simulink-based modelling and analysis of ICE vehicle conversion to electric drive

University of Johannesburg, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Science, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa

^* Corresponding author: 223248712@student.uj.ac.za

Abstract

Recent developments in battery systems, power electronics, and charging infrastructure have significantly accelerated global electric vehicle (EV) adoption. However, challenges such as high upfront costs, insufficient charging networks, and battery lifespan concerns hinder widespread EV transition. This study proposes an alternative, cost-effective approach by retrofitting internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles with lithium-ion batteries, an electric motor, and regenerative braking. A MATLAB/Simulink model was developed to assess the dynamic performance of the converted EV under varying conditions. Using the FTP- 75 drive cycle, inclination angle of 8O, and 10km/h wind speed the system achieved 6.47 km in 600 seconds, maintaining a final state of charge (SoC) of 75%. Performance on a 25° incline with 18 km/h crosswind showed a SoC reduction to 42.3%. A complete drive cycle test over 50 minutes covered 18 km, with SoC dropping to 0%. Regenerative braking significantly contributed to energy recovery during deceleration, enhancing overall system efficiency. Results confirm the technical feasibility and sustainability potential of EV conversions, highlighting the role of improved braking and battery management systems in optimizing energy usage. This approach supports affordable and scalable electrification of conventional vehicles for greener urban mobility.