Anion/Cation Co-(de)Intercalation in Ti₃C₂T_x Modified with Cobalt Phthalocyanine for Lithium-Ion Batteries

¹ Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
² Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Monocrystalline Silicon Semiconductor Materials and Technology, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, P. R. China

^a Corresponding author’s e-mail: qjw@bit.edu.cn
^b* caomh@bit.edu.cn

Abstract

Due to the shortage of lithium resources and the requirement for high-energy density in lithium- ion batteries (LIBs), anion/cation co-(de)intercalation based on the incorporation of both anions and cations from the electrolyte is expected to be a viable solution. In this work, through cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) modification, Ti₃C₂T_x MXene utilizes cationic/anionic carriers for charge storage. Specifically, during the charging process, a reversible intercalation of PF₆^- anions occurs subsequent to the removal of Li ions. By unlocking the capability of anion/cation co-(de)intercalation, the as-designed Ti₃C₂T_x-CoPc anode exhibits significant merits in terms of storage capacity (achieving up to nearly 3-fold improvement over the Ti₃C₂T_x) and excellent rate performance. Our findings highlight new anion/cation co-(de)intercalation chemistry for MXenes.