Mental health matters: A descriptive study of self-harm behavior among Indonesian university students to support sustainable development goals

¹ Department of Psychology, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Indonesia
² Cognitive Neuroscience Center, University of Groningen, Netherlands

^* Corresponding author: sitijaroah@unesa.ac.id

Abstract

Self-harm is a recognized predictor of suicidal behavior, with the highest prevalence among young individuals. However, limited research has explored the underlying factors of self-harm in youth, particularly in developing countries. This study aims to provide preliminary descriptive insights into self-harm tendencies among university students, focusing on the methods used and help-seeking behaviors when urges arise. A mixed-methods, cross-sectional survey was conducted with 199 students aged 17 to 25 years (83.4% female) over six months using an online questionnaire. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively, while qualitative responses underwent iterative thematic analysis. Results showed that a significant number of participants reported thoughts of self-harm, with female students showing a higher tendency. Common methods included cutting, head-banging, and hair-pulling. When seeking support, students tended to turn to friends rather than family members or professionals. These findings highlight the need for culturally relevant, evidence-based prevention strategies aimed at reducing self-harm and suicidal behavior in university populations. The insights gained from this study may support mental health promotion efforts and inform policy development in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly those related to mental well-being in young populations.