Wearable health technology in personalized care: Its role in disease prevention and monitoring

¹ Department of Medicine, State University of Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia.
² Department of College of Human Development and Health, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan.

^* Corresponding author: nurpembayun@unesa.ac.id

Abstract

Wearable health technology is an emerging pillar in precision medicine and personalized healthcare, enabling continuous real-time monitoring of physiological and biochemical indicators. This systematic literature review aims to assess the technology’s clinical efficacy, implementation challenges, and global equity implications in preventing diseases and personalized care. Twelve peer-reviewed studies published between 2018 and 2025 were selected based on PRISMA guidelines from four major databases. The analysis revealed measurable improvements in cardiovascular outcomes, chronic disease self-management, and metabolic risk reduction, with consistent benefits across both high-income and low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). Furthermore, the study highlights unique challenges in user retention, data validation, and regulatory integration. A comparative domain-based synthesis table is provided to emphasize the novelty of this review, offering an integrated view across clinical domains and socio-economic contexts. This study contributes to the development of evidence-based strategies for integrating wearable health technology into equitable, AI-supported healthcare systems worldwide.