The Effect of Raw Material Composition and Pyrolysis Temperature on The Characteristics of Bio-Oil from the Pyrolysis of Sawdust and Sugar Cane Bagasse Mixture

Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Semarang, UNNES Sekaran Campus, Gunungpati, Semarang 50229 Indonesia

^* Corresponding author: haniif.prasetiawan@mail.unnes.ac.id

Abstract

Indonesia’s energy demand continues to rise each year, while domestic oil reserves are steadily declining, highlighting the need for alternative energy sources such as bio-oil. Bio-oil, a dark-colored, combustible, acidic liquid with a smoky odor, can be produced through the pyrolysis of biomass. Pyrolysis is a thermal decomposition process where organic materials are converted into gas, liquid (bio-oil), and charcoal under oxygen-free conditions. This study investigated the impact of varying biomass waste compositions on the yields and properties of pyrolysis products. The primary feedstocks were sawdust and sugarcane bagasse, mixed in specific ratios. Pyrolysis experiments were conducted at 400, 500, and 600°C for 60 minutes. The results showed that the highest bio-oil yield, 27%, was achieved using 100% sugarcane bagasse at 400°C, with a calorific value of 5472.13 cal/g. These findings demonstrate the influence of biomass composition and pyrolysis temperature on bio-oil production, supporting its potential as a renewable energy source in Indonesia.