Assessment of Tree Failure and Diversity in the Gladak Heritage Zone of Surakarta: A Strategy for Green Space Protection

Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia 57126

^* Corresponding author: sapta.suhardono@staff.uns.ac.id

Abstract

Structural damage and failure in trees can negatively impact ecosystems and public safety, indicating a decline in ecosystem service functions within urban green open spaces. The Heritage Gladak Surakarta area is a public space with a high intensity of activity that requires special attention to tree health and stability. This study aims to assess the level of tree damage and evaluate the diversity of tree species in the Heritage Gladak Surakarta area. The methods used include tree species inventory and assessment of damage to roots, trunks, branches, and leaves based on direct observation. The inventory identified 11 species totaling 61 individual trees, with a Shannon-Wiener diversity index of 2.03, indicating moderate to high diversity. Analysis results show that 88.5% of trees had normal root conditions; however, 54.1% experienced trunk damage, and 64% exhibited branch failure, indicating significant structural risks. Most leaves were healthy (77%), although 23% showed signs of physiological stress. Overall risk assessment suggests the need for risk-based tree management and routine monitoring to maintain ecological functions and public safety in this heritage area.