Sodong Cave as a Geomythological Space: Integrating Geological Values and Sacred Narratives in The Ijen Geopark

¹ Geography, Universitas Negeri Malang, JL. Semarang, Malang Indonesia
³ Geology Geopark Banyuwangi, Jl. Gajah Mada, Banyuwangi, Indonesia

^* Corresponding author: melatijuliarahma.fis@um.ac.id

Abstract

The conservation of geological sites and geodiversity in the Ijen Geopark, particularly Sodong Cave, is essential for preserving geological heritage that is vulnerable to degradation. Sodong Cave is a lava cave formed by the differential cooling of ancient Ijen volcanic activity. It is identified as part of the Kalibaru Formation, which formed 30 million years ago, and requires protection to ensure the sustainability of its internal ecosystem. This study explores the phenomenon of geomythology by integrating geological values with local sacred narratives, offering an innovative approach to conservation. It is the first study to focus on documenting the geomythology of Sodong Cave as part of the UNESCO Global Geopark Ijen natural heritage. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study aims to identify the geological characteristics of Sodong Cave, understand community perceptions of the sacred narratives associated with it, and develop the potential for incorporating these values into conservation strategies. With seven springs considered sacred, Sodong Cave is not only a geological site but also a spiritual space that influences community behavior in maintaining cleanliness and promoting environmental preservation. The study’s results indicate that the concept of geomythology, which combines aspects of geology and local mythology, indirectly contributes to conservation efforts within the community, particularly in the Sodong Cave area. These conservation efforts are based on unwritten rules that have evolved into written regulations, serving as a form of environmentally friendly conservation. This is manifested in the community’s social practices, such as ritual footstep tracing. This is supported by the presence of two sacred graves of elderly figures, validated through measurable calculations of the distance between objects using Euclidean distance, resulting in a classification of class one with a radius range of 0–335 meters. In addition, research using this approach is expected to contribute as a reference that supports sustainable geotourism development policies by utilizing local wisdom as a means of protection from the threat of damage and attracting tourists to learn more about conservation values that are integrated with the culture of the community.