Analysis of Co2 emissions in Ecuador: Evaluation of public policies as mitigation measures

University of Guayaquil, Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Guayaquil - Ecuador

^* Corresponding author: angel.garciag@ug.edu.ec

Abstract

This study analyses the effectiveness of national strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, with a particular focus on the energy sector. Using a mixed-methods research approach, which includes a comparative analysis of Latin American countries (Chile, Peru, and Colombia) and expert interviews, the findings reveal that the energy sector accounted for 51% of total emissions in 2018, reaching 38,400 Gg CO2-eq. Furthermore, this sector remains the largest contributor to emissions, posing significant challenges for achieving emission reduction targets. Additionally, the transportation subsector within the energy sector experienced an annual increase of 1.5% in emissions. This subsector’s growth highlights the need for targeted policies that can address specific sources of emission. The study also highlights significant limitations in mitigating CO2-eq emissions, particularly in the energy sector, where emissions continue to rise. To address these challenges, the research proposes a series of recommendations focused on strengthening institutional capacity, promoting international financing, and fostering the adoption of cleaner technologies to meet climate commitments and ensure sustainable development.