Innovative Nanotechnology Applications Significant to Electrical Power System

University of Diyala, Power and Electrical Machines Engineering Department, Diyala, Iraq

^* Corresponding author: alisachit@uodiyala.edu.iq

Abstract

Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative field, offering novel solutions to persistent challenges in electrical power systems, including energy inefficiency, component degradation, limited storage capacity, and the need for real-time grid monitoring. Its applications span a wide range of areas, from enhancing energy generation and storage to improving the efficiency, reliability, and sustainability of power transmission and distribution. In energy generation, nanomaterials such as quantum dots and perovskite-based solar cells enable the development of high-efficiency photovoltaic systems. In energy storage, nanostructured electrodes and electrolytes significantly enhance the performance of batteries and supercapacitors by increasing their energy density, charge- discharge rates, and lifespan. Nanotechnology also plays a critical role in power transmission and distribution. Nanocoatings and nanocomposites improve the conductivity and durability of transmission lines, reducing energy losses and maintenance costs. Advanced sensors based on nanomaterials provide real-time monitoring and diagnostics, enabling predictive maintenance and enhancing grid reliability. Moreover, nanoscale devices facilitate the development of compact and efficient power electronics, essential for integrating renewable energy sources and managing smart grids.