Enforcement of Spatial and Environmental Laws to Protect the Strategic Area of Sentul-Ciawi

¹ Faculty of Law, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
² Department of Government Affairs and Administration, Jusuf Kalla School of Government, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

^* Corresponding author: eko@umy.ac.id

Abstract

The Sentul Ciawi area in Bogor is a strategic region that functions as a vital water catchment zone and food security buffer for the Greater Jakarta region. However, rapid tourism development, such as Gunung Geulis Country Club, Summarecon Bogor, and Bobobox Puncak, has violated spatial planning and environmental protection laws, leading to ecosystem degradation and reduced agricultural productivity. The root cause lies in the weak enforcement of spatial and environmental laws, resulting in uncontrolled land conversion and ecological imbalance. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of spatial violations, their environmental and food security impacts, and evaluate the effectiveness of law enforcement mechanisms. Using a normative juridical method with statutory and literature approaches, the research identifies that enforcement remains suboptimal due to poor institutional coordination, limited supervision, and overlapping regulations. The main consequence is the degradation of water catchment functions and threats to the sustainability of strategic agricultural land. This study contributes to strengthening the legal framework for protecting strategic areas based on sustainable development principles. It offers a model for integrated spatial–environmental law enforcement in strategic food buffer zones, serving as a reference for future policy reform and sustainable environmental governance.