Synthesis of Cellulose Fiber from Corn Stover via Alkali/Acid Treatment and Microwave-Assisted Extraction

¹ Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, College of Engineering, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Munoz, 3120 Philippines
² Departmcnt of Functional Food Product Development, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
³ Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and] Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
⁴ Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Munoz, 3120 Philippines

^* Corresponding author: cggsomera@clsu.edu.ph

Abstract

Com stover (CS) is an abundant lignocellulosic byproduct of com processing and is a promising source of cellulose fiber. Its chemical composition was determined using the Van Soest method and Klason ligninanalysis, revealing21.3 cellulose. 23.1 hemicellulose. 13.7 lignin, and4.6% ash. To enhance cellulose recoveiy. this study explored alkali/oxidant pre-treatment combined with microwave-assisted extraction. A Box-Behnken design under Response Surface methodology assessed the effects of sodium hydroxide concentration (1-4% w/v), hydrogen peroxide concentration (20-30% w/v), and microwave power (90-600 W). Optimal conditions (4% NaOH. 25% H2O2- 600 W) yielded 66.6% cellulose. Comparable yields (63-65.5%) were achieved under similar conditions, highlighting the significance of alkali strength and microwave energy, whereas moderate oxidant levels sufficient for effective delignification and hemicellulose removal. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the removal of non-cellulosic components through diminished lignin and hemicellulose bands, and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) demonstrated the improved thermal stability of the treated samples, suggesting higher cellulose purity. 3D Computed Tomography imaging revealed enhanced morphology, reduced porosity, and improved particle integrity in the optimized cellulose. These findings establish an efficient and scalable method for cellulose recoveiy from agricultural residues, offering the potential for sustainable bio-based materials and integrated biorefinery systems.