Improving Pellet Quality and Throughput via Die Type and Steam Conditioning Temperature Optimization in Cattle Feed Production

¹ Research and Development Unit for Agricultural Materials and Bio-Energy Properties, Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna, Chiang Mai, 50300, Thailand
² Robot and Automation Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna, Chiang Mai, 50300, Thailand
³ Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna, Chiang Mai, 50300, Thailand
⁴ Lopburi Feed Mill No. 1, Betagro Public Company Limited, Chong Sarika, Phatthana Nikhom, Lopburi, 15220, Thailand

^* Corresponding author: ninlawanb@rmutl.ac.th

Abstract

This study addressed the production challenges in high-fiber cattle feed pelleting, where conventional die design and low steam temperature led to die wear, excessive fines, and low throughput. The effects of the pellet die type and steam conditioning temperature on pellet quality, energy consumption, and throughput were evaluated using a full factorial experiment at a commercial feed null. Two die types (standard and counterdrilled) and five steam temperatures (65—85 °C) were tested. Key parameters included the pellet durability index (PDI). dust content, motor current, production rate, and nutritional composition. Results showed that steam temperature significantly influenced pellet quality (p < 0.05). with optimal PDI (-97%) and minimal dust (-1.5%) achieved at 80—85 °C. The die type significantly affected the energy efficiency and output (p < 0.001); the counterdrilled die reduced the motor current by up to 18% and increased the throughput by -20%. No significant differences were found in the protein, fiber, or fat content (p > 0.05). indicating nutritional stability'. The combination of high-temperature steam conditioning and a counterdrilled die offers an effective strategy for enhancing the pellet quality and reducing the energy load. This approach is suitable for high-capacity cattle feed mills, aiming for a consistent performance and improved operational efficiency.