Robusta Coffee Supply Chain Sustainability in Wonogiri District

¹ Department of Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia
² Department of Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Indonesia
³ Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Tribhuwana Tungga Dewi, Indonesia

^* Corresponding author: fannywidadie@staff.uns.ac.id

Abstract

Coffee is a key plantation commodity in Indonesia that supports rural livelihoods and export earnings. However, the Robusta coffee supply chain in Girimarto Subdistrict, Wonogiri Regency, faces sustainability challenges due to weak coordination, traditional marketing systems, and limited cooperative participation. This study aims to analyze the structure, risks, and sustainability challenges of the Robusta coffee supply chain and propose strategies to enhance its resilience. A descriptive-analytical approach was applied using interviews and focus group discussions with 30 actors, including farmers, collectors, processors, cooperatives, and traders. The Rapid Agricultural Supply Chain Assessment (RASCA) framework and risk analysis were used to identify bottlenecks and assess risks across economic, environmental, and social dimensions. Results show that the supply chain is dominated by spot-market transactions with minimal institutional integration. The main sustainability risks include pest and disease attacks, price fluctuations, logistics barriers, and poor post-harvest management. Strengthening cooperative-based marketing, improving infrastructure and logistics, promoting eco-friendly farming, and enhancing post-harvest quality are key strategies to improve sustainability. Collaborative actions among farmers, cooperatives, and local institutions are essential to develop a resilient and inclusive coffee supply chain.