Recent Advances in Low Temperature LiFePO₄ Batteries

Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China

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Abstract

LFP batteries are widely used in the fields of electric vehicles and energy storage due to their advantages of high safety, long cycle life, and cost. However, lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries’ performance drops sharply in low temperatures (below 0 °C), with sudden capacity loss, increased internal resistance, charging difficulties, and lithium deposition risks, severely limiting their application in cold regions. To address the challenges posed by low temperatures, recent years have witnessed remarkable advancements in low-temperature LFP (LiFePO₄) battery technology. The primary research areas encompass: material modification; innovations in electrolyte composition; morphology and techniques for element doping alongside precise control of particle dimensions. Recent advancements in battery technology have significantly enhanced the discharge capacity retention, charging acceptance, and cycling stability of LFP batteries in low-temperature environments. In the future, through multi-scale material design and interface engineering optimization, low-temperature LFP batteries are expected to achieve high-performance applications over a wider temperature range, further consolidating their mainstream position in the power and energy storage markets.