GIS-based mapping and profiling of forest cover and freshwater resources for sustainable and climate-resilient resource management in the island barangays of Surigao City, Philippines

¹ College of Computing and Information Sciences, Surigao del Norte State University, Surigao City, Philippines
² College of Arts and Sciences, Surigao del Norte State University, Surigao City, Philippines
³ College of Teacher Education, Surigao del Norte State University, Surigao City, Philippines

^* Corresponding author: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Abstract

The increasing environmental challenges in the island barangays of Surigao City, including deforestation, freshwater scarcity, and climate change impacts, necessitate a systematic approach to resource management. This study utilized Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to map and analyze the forest cover and freshwater resources of Nonoc, Hikdop, and Bayagnan Islands. Data was collected through satellite imagery, field surveys, and Digital Elevation Models (DEM), and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to assess vegetation distribution, water sources, topography, and terrain characteristics. Findings reveal that most barangays exhibit tertiary growth forests, with freshwater primarily sourced from natural springs and deep wells. GIS-based analysis of elevation, slope, and aspect provided critical insights into potential environmental risks such as flooding, erosion, and land degradation. The study highlights the need for integrated GIS monitoring systems, sustainable water resource management, reforestation initiatives, and disaster risk mitigation strategies. These findings serve as a valuable tool for policymakers, conservationists, and local communities in fostering evidence-based environmental planning and sustainable development.