Synthesis and characterization of HAp/Fe₃O₄ Nanocomposites from Chicken Bone as a potential bone implant

Universitas Negeri Malang, Chemistry Department, 65145, Malang, Indonesia

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Abstract

This study aims to synthesize and characterize hydroxyapatite/magnetite (HAp/Fe₃O₄) nanocomposites derived from chicken bones as potential materials for bone implants and eco-friendly adsorbents. Synthesis was conducted using the sol-gel method with calcination temperatures varied of 500⁰C, 600⁰C, and 700⁰C. Characterization was performed using XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDX, UV-Vis, and AAS. XRD results showed that at 700⁰C, a pure hydroxyapatite phase was formed with the highest crystallinity reaching 96.25% and a crystallite size of 20.14 nm, indicating an increase in the regularity of the crystal structure. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of typical HAp functional groups (O–H and PO ^3-) as well as Fe–O groups from Fe3O4, indicating the successful formation of stable HAp/Fe3O4 magnetic composites at high temperatures. SEM-EDX results showed a porous morphology with particle sizes ranging from 4–20 nm, while AAS analysis shows a decrease in Ca ion content with increasing temperature, indicating an increase in the efficiency of HAp crystal structure formation. Furthermore, UV-Vis data showed an increase in absorbance at 200 nm with a value of 3.11 and a concentration of 0.816 ppm, indicating higher purity and structural regularity. Overall, the HAp/Fe3O4 nanocomposite at 700⁰C has high thermal stability, good crystal structure, and great potential for application as an environmentally friendly biomaterial.