The Urgency of Developing Climate-Change-Responsive Graduate Competencies Bachelor Law Study Program in Indonesia

Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

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Abstract

Climate change poses urgent legal and governance challenges in Indonesia, where environmental degradation continues despite the existence of comprehensive regulatory frameworks. One major contributing factor is weak environmental law enforcement, which is partly linked to the limited capacity of legal professionals to engage with climate-related norms, evidence, and responsibilities. This article examines how Indonesian undergraduate law curricula have not yet systematically incorporated climate-change-responsive graduate competencies, resulting in a gap between environmental regulation and its effective implementation. Employing normative legal research through statutory and conceptual analysis, the study identifies the absence of explicit climate-conscious learning outcomes within current Outcome-Based Education (OBE) frameworks in Indonesian law schools. The findings suggest that legal education remains largely doctrinal and insufficiently interdisciplinary, failing to equip graduates with competencies in climate governance, environmental ethics, and climate litigation. The article therefore recommends the integration of climate-responsive learning outcomes into curriculum design, including competencies in scientific literacy, regulatory enforcement, climate justice, and interdisciplinary legal practice. Strengthening these competencies is essential for preparing future legal professionals to support environmental protection and advance Indonesia’s national climate commitments.