Water resource management and agriculture in the MENA Region: A Spatial Analysis using Geographic Information Systems

Laboratory of Economic Analysis and Modeling, Faculty of Legal, Economic and Social Sciences - Souissi, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco

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Abstract

This article analyzes the spatial contrasts between agriculture and water resources in the MENA region over the period 2000-2022. Using data from the FAO database and calculations of average differences between two periods, several thematic maps were drawn up to assess the dynamics of agricultural water withdrawals, water stress, renewable resources per capita, irrigated area and agricultural production. The results reveal major disparities between countries, illustrating strong pressure on water resources in the Gulf states, a decline in renewable resources per capita in several states, and contrasting trends in agricultural performance. The study highlights the need for integrated, territorialized water management, modernized irrigation systems and stronger public policies for sustainable agriculture, particularly in a context marked by climate change and growing water scarcity.