Techno-Economic Analysis of a PV-BESS-Diesel Hybrid System for Ndoriwoy Isolated Microgrid in Ende Island, Indonesia

¹ Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia
² PT Perusahaan Listrik Negara (Persero), Jakarta, Indonesia

^* Corresponding author: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Abstract

Isolated power system in remote islands of Indonesia still rely heavily on diesel generators, resulting in high fuel costs, low operational efficiency, and vulnerability to fuel supply disruptions. Ende Island, located in Flores, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, operates an isolated diesel-based microgrid that faces increasing electricity demand and logistic constraints. This study evaluates the techno-economic assessment of integrating a photovoltaic (PV) system and battery energy storage system (BESS) with the existing diesel power plant. A simulation-based optimization approach using HOMER Pro was employed based on site-specific load solar resources data. Three scenarios were analyzed: diesel-only, PV-BESS, and an optimized PV-BESS-Diesel hybrid system. The result indicates that the hybrid system configuration significantly reduces diesel fuel consumption and levelized cost of energy while maintaining high supply reliability, as indicated by zero unmet load. On the other hand, the simulation of existing diesel power plants without any additional resources shows the highest cost compared to all evaluated scenarios. Overall, the findings demonstrate that combining photovoltaic, battery energy system, and diesel generators can effectively improve economic performance in isolated island microgrids.