Open Access
| Issue |
E3S Web Conf.
Volume 730, 2026
International Conference on Advances and Innovations in Soft Soil Engineering (Soft Soils 2026)
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Article Number | 04006 | |
| Number of page(s) | 7 | |
| Section | Ground Improvement and Low-Carbon Solutions | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202673004006 | |
| Published online | 03 August 2026 | |
- Z. Liu, X. Ma, D. Zhou, L. Lu, H. Zhang, Y. Bai, H. Han, The geological origins and soil properties of loess-like silty clay: A case study in the Jinan area, Sci. Rep. 14, 1–12 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-63394-0 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
- G.F. Wang, Y.X. Wu, L. Lu, G. Li, J.S. Shen, Investigation of the geological and hydrogeological environment with relation to metro system construction in Jinan, China, Bull. Eng. Geol. Environ. 78, 1005–1024 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-017-1140-2 [Google Scholar]
- B. Abdelmalek, K.P. Soon, C. Gary, Strength Properties of Cement Treated Coode Island Silt by the Soil Mixing Method, in: Geotech. Eng. Transp. Proj., pp. 1421–1428 (2012). https://doi.org/doi:10.1061/40744(154)132 [Google Scholar]
- A. Porbaha, State of the art in deep mixing technology. Part I: Basic concepts and overview, Gr. Improv. 2, 81–92 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1680/grim.2000.4.3.111 [Google Scholar]
- M.J. Singh, K. Yao, T. Lei, S. Liu, Y. Zhang, Z. Yao, M. Beer, Load-bearing performance and failure behavior of multi-flange deep cement mixing columns, Mar. Georesources Geotechnol. 1–15 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1080/1064119X.2025.2538816 [Google Scholar]
- S. Horpibulsk, R. Rachan, A. Suddeepong, A. Chinkulkijniwat, Strength development in cement admixed Bangkok clay: Laboratory and field investigations, Soils Found. 51, 239–251 (2011). https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf.51.239 [Google Scholar]
- P. Jamsawang, N. Nuansrithong, P. Voottipruex, S. Songpiriyakij, P. Jongpradist, Laboratory investigations on the swelling behavior of composite expansive clays stabilized with shallow and deep clay-cement mixing methods, Appl. Clay Sci. 148, 83–94 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2017.08.013 [Google Scholar]
- P. Van Ngoc, B. Turner, J. Huang, R. Kelly, Long-term strength of soil-cement columns in coastal areas, Soils Found. 57, 645–654 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2017.04.005 [Google Scholar]
- P. Sargent, The development of alkali-activated mixtures for soil stabilisation, Woodhead Publishing Limited, (2015). https://doi.org/10.1533/9781782422884.4.555 [Google Scholar]
- M. Zhang, H. Guo, T. El-Korchi, G. Zhang, M. Tao, Experimental feasibility study of geopolymer as the next-generation soil stabilizer, Constr. Build. Mater. 47, 1468–1478 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.06.017 [Google Scholar]
- B.C. McLellan, R.P. Williams, J. Lay, A. van Riessen, G.D. Corder, Costs and carbon emissions for geopolymer pastes in comparison to ordinary portland cement, J. Clean. Prod. 19, 1080–1090 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.02.010 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
- K. Sobhan, J. Ramirez, D. Reddy, Cement stabilization of highly organic subgrade soils to control secondary compression settlement, Transp. Res. Rec. 103–112 (2012). https://doi.org/10.3141/2310-11 [Google Scholar]
- T.O. Ho, W.B. Chen, J.H. Yin, P.C. Wu, D.C.W. Tsang, Stress-Strain behaviour of Cement-Stabilized Hong Kong marine deposits, Constr. Build. Mater. 274, 122103 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.122103 [Google Scholar]
- V. Khoshsirat, H. Bayesteh, M. Sharifi, Effect of high salinity in grout on the performance of cement-stabilized marine clay, Constr. Build. Mater. 217, 93–107 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.05.038 [Google Scholar]
- B. Shu, W. Chen, T. Yang, Z. Xie, Y. Ren, Y. Li, L. Zheng, G. Zeng, M. Li, D.M. Barbieri, Study on laboratory and engineering application of multi source solid waste based soft soil solidification materials, Case Stud. Constr. Mater. 17, e01465 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e01465 [Google Scholar]
- A. Arulrajah, M. Yaghoubi, M.M. Disfani, S. Horpibulsuk, M.W. Bo, M. Leong, Evaluation of fly ash- and slag-based geopolymers for the improvement of a soft marine clay by deep soil mixing, Soils Found. 58, 1358–1370, (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2018.07.005 [Google Scholar]
- S.D. Khadka, P.W. Jayawickrama, S. Senadheera, B. Segvic, Stabilization of highly expansive soils containing sulfate using metakaolin and fly ash based geopolymer modified with lime and gypsum, Transp. Geotech. 23, 100327 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trgeo.2020.100327 [Google Scholar]
- S. Kumar, R. Kumar, S.P. Mehrotra, Influence of granulated blast furnace slag on the reaction, structure and properties of fly ash based geopolymer, J. Mater. Sci. 45, 607–615 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-009-3934-5 [Google Scholar]
- N.A. Odeh, A.H.J. Al-Rkaby, Strength, Durability, and Microstructures characterization of sustainable geopolymer improved clayey soil, Case Stud. Constr. Mater. 16, e00988 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e00988 [Google Scholar]
- J.L. Provis, J.S.J. Deventer, Alkali Activated Materials State-of-the-Art Report, RILEM TC 224-AAM, Springer Dordrecht (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7672-2 [Google Scholar]
- C. Teerawattanasuk, P. Voottipruex, Comparison between cement and fly ash geopolymer for stabilized marginal lateritic soil as road material, Int. J. Pavement Eng. 20, 1264–1274 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2017.1402593 [Google Scholar]
- Q. Liu, Z. Chen, Z.M. El-Bahy, P. Wang, S.N. Abdou, M.M. Ibrahim, Y. Wan, J. Wang, H. Li, L. Li, H. Wang, Alkali-hydrothermal activation of tailings with red mud as a supplementary alkali source to synthesize one-part geopolymer, Adv. Compos. Hybrid Mater. 6 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42114-023-00707-3 [Google Scholar]
- ASTM C618, Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete, USA (2022). [Google Scholar]
- H. Yu, Y. Yi, K. Yao, A. Romagnoli, W.L. Tan, A.B.P. Chang, Effect of water/cement ratio on properties of cement-stabilized Singapore soft marine clay for wet deep mixing application, Int. J. Geotech. Eng. 15, 1198–1205 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1080/19386362.2021.1890939 [Google Scholar]
- ASTM D6910/D6910M, Standard Test Method for Marsh Funnel Viscosity of Construction Slurries (2019). [Google Scholar]
- ASTM C940, Standard Test Method for Expansion and Bleeding of Freshly Mixed Grouts for Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete in the Laboratory (2016). [Google Scholar]
- ASTM D4972, Standard Test Methods for pH of Soils, (2019). [Google Scholar]
- J.A. Cornell, Experiments with Mixtures: Designs, Models, and the Analysis of Mixture Data, Wiley (2011). [Google Scholar]
- C. Suksiripattanapong, R. Sakdinakorn, S. Tiyasangthong, N. Wonglakorn, C. Phetchuay, W. Tabyang, Properties of soft Bangkok clay stabilized with cement and fly ash geopolymer for deep mixing application, Case Stud. Constr. Mater. 16 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e01081 [Google Scholar]
- X. Zhang, H. Zhu, Z. Jiao, Z. Cen, Lattice-shaped ground improvement by mixing soil and alkali-activated slag for liquefaction mitigation, Case Stud. Constr. Mater. 17, e01445 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e01445 [Google Scholar]
- G. Mounika, U. Ramakrishna, G. Naresh Kumar Reddy, K. Suresh Kumar, A review on effect of red mud on properties of alkali activated materials (AAMs) and geopolymers (GPs), Mater. Today Proc. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2023.03.446 [Google Scholar]
- M.E.C. Bruce, R.R. Berg, G.M. Filz, M. Terashi, D.S. Yang, J.G. Collin, S. Geotechnica, Federal Highway Administration design manual: Deep mixing for embankment and foundation support, United States. Federal Highway Administation (2013). [Google Scholar]
- FDOT, Standard specifications for road and bridge construction (2025). https://www.fdot.gov. [Google Scholar]
- A. Ward, Wireless In-Situ Slurry Testing Device, University of South Florida, USA (2025). https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/etd/11019 [Google Scholar]
- CETCO, Use of Shore Pac Polymer slurry: In slurry-displaced foundation construction (2022). [Google Scholar]
- A.J. Puppala, R.S. Madhyannapu, S. Nazarian, D. Yuan, L. Hoyos, Deep Soil Mixing (DSM) Technology for Mitigation of Pavement Roughness, Texas Department of Transportation, USA, 7, 100–104 (2008). http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/0-5179-1.pdf [Google Scholar]
- G. Huang, X. Zhang, M. Liu, B. Fang, C. Wang, Compatibility of sodium hydroxide, sodium silicate and calcium-enriched additives in alkali-activated materials : From the perspectives of flowability , strength and microstructure, Constr. Build. Mater. 403 133102 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.133102 [Google Scholar]
Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.
Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.
Initial download of the metrics may take a while.

