E3S Web of Conferences

Designing a Cost-Effective IoT System for Water-Efficient Hydroponic NFT Farming: A Frugal Innovation Approach

Renita Kawuryan, Rika Ismayanti and Muhammad Rizki Asrul

E3S Web Conf., 706 (2026) 03002

Published online: 21 April 2026

DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/202670603002

Renita Kawuryan

Rika Ismayanti

Muhammad Rizki Asrul

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