On the Measures to Solve Environmental Problems of the Territory with Intensive Open Pit Coal Mining

¹ Kuzbass State Technical University, Mezhdurechensk branch, 652881, Stroitelei Avenue, 36, Mezhdurechensk, Russia
² KGHM Polska Miedź SA, Hydrotechnical Division, 59-305 Rudna, Polkowicka 52, Poland
³ Comenius University, Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 84248 Mlynska dolina Bratislava, Slovakia

^* Corresponding author: michaela.koscova@fmph.unibqa.sk

Abstract

Ecological problems in the open pit mining of coal deposits are extremely hard, since mining operations are accompanied by disturbed land to a large depth with significant changes in the landscape, hydrometeorological conditions, mixing of rocks and removal of infertile or even harmful rocks with radioactive isotopes to the surface. Disturbed lands are unusable if they are not repaired. All man-made disturbances of the environment caused by open pit mining are divided into landscape (changes in terrain, vegetation and soil cover) and environmental (violation of living conditions within the allotment and adjacent lands: changes in water regime, pollution of the soil, air and water basins) onesOne of the most important areas in the field of environmental protection is the reclamation (restoration) of the earth’s surface. In accordance with the requirements of the protection of the subsoil, enterprises engaged in the development of mineral deposits are obliged at their own expense to bring disturbed lands into a state suitable form for their further use. Reclamation of ought to be carried out during open pit mining operations and must be completed after mining of mineral resources in the terms established by the authorities that provide land for use.