Breeding of winter chickpea genotypes with high photosynthetic productivity, adapted to mechanization, high yield and high protein content in the southern regions of Uzbekistan

¹ Breeding and seed production Department, Southern Research Institute of Agriculture, 180100, Karshi city, Uzbekistan
² Karshi Institute of Irrigation and Agrotechnology at the National Research University “TIIAME”. 180100, Karshi city, Uzbekistan
³ Fergana State University, 19 Murabbiylar street, Fergana city, 150100, Uzbekistan
⁴ Professor of the Department of Soil Science of the National University of Uzbekistan named after. M.Ulugbek

^* Corresponding author: s.dilmurodov@mail.ru

Abstract

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the second most important legume in the world, grown on an area of approximately 12.6 million ha in 55 countries. Over the past decade (2004-2006 to 2014-2016), the area under chickpea production worldwide has increased by 23% and the yield by 17%. Chickpea varieties yield 0.6-0.8 t/ha on rainfed lands of Uzbekistan and 2.2-3.2 t/ha on irrigated lands. Depending on the planting method and the biology and morphology of the variety, 60-80 kg of seed is used per ha. In Uzbekistan, it is mostly cultivated on fertile lands. On irrigated lands, inter-row cultivation is carried out 1-2 times. The main goal of this research is to select new productive genotypes with high photosynthetic productivity and suitable for harvesting by mechanisms. According to the results of measurements carried out in the budding, flowering and podding phases, the NDVI value varied from 0.235-0.683. When studying the relationship between NDVI and yield, it was found that there was a positive correlation of r=0.1 in the budding phase, r=0.31 in the flowering phase, and r=0.44 in the podding phase. The amount of chlorophyll in the budding, flowering, and podding phases varied from 22.6 to 49.6. When studying the relationship between the amount of chlorophyll in the leaf and yield, it was found that there was a positive correlation of r=0.33 in the budding phase, r=0.28 in the flowering phase, and r=0.22 in the podding phase. It is clear from this that increasing the green biomass of a plant contributes to increasing productivity. A decrease in the amount of chlorophyll in the leaves during the final stages of development reduces photosynthetic productivity and leads to a decrease in productivity. The KR20-CICTN-17 (Bardosh) variety, which ripens early, is productive, is adapted to mechanization, has high photosynthetic productivity, and has indicators higher than the standard varieties, was selected in the competitive variety testing nursery and was recommended for submission to the Center for Testing Agricultural Crop Varieties.