Comprehensive Review of Analytical Methods for Quantifiable Estimation of Gliptins, Including Metformin, in Pharmaceutical and Bulk Dosage Forms

¹ Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, SOP, RK University, Rajkot, Gujarat
² Department of Quality Assurance, B. K. Mody Government Pharmacy College, Rajkot, Gujarat

^* Corresponding author: ashwini.dhruv@rku.ac.in

Abstract

Insufficient insulin secretion or action leads to diabetes mellitus, causing chronic hyperglycemia and metabolic abnormalities. Metformin is a common medication recommended as first-line treatment for Type 2 DM, aiming to prevent complications and early mortality. The novel oral Dipeptidyl inhibitor, teneligliptin, is recommended alongside diet and exercise for managing type 2 diabetes. Sitagliptin, the first marketed dipeptidyl@peptidase-4 inhibitor, prevents the metabolism of reproductive hormones GLP-1 and GIP. Vildagliptin, an anti-hyperglycemic medication, specifically inhibits the DPP-4 enzyme, halting incretin hormone breakdown. The combination of metformin and gliptins enhances insulin sensitivity and reduces intestinal glucose absorption, effectively lowering blood sugar levels without causing apparent hypoglycemia. This inquiry pivots on the latest advancements in analytical stratergies for the simultaneous assessment about gliptins and metformin/