The perspectives for the use of hydrogen for electricity storage considering the foreign experience

¹ Polish Gas Company, Kasprzak Avenue 25, 01-224 Warszawa, Poland
² AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Energy and Fuels, Mickiewicz Avenue 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
³ AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Drilling, Oil and Gas, Mickiewicz Avenue 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland

^* Corresponding author: kogut@agh.edu.pl

Abstract

Over the last years, the European Union has seen a rapid increase in installed capacity of generating units based on renewable energy sources (RES). The most significant increase in installed capacity was recorded in 2015, in wind farms and solar PV installations. One of the most serious is the volatile character of RES on a time basis. Therefore, for a further expected increase in the use of RES and their effectiveness improvements, investments are needed allowing for electricity to be stored. One of the electricity storage options is to use excess electricity in order to produce hydrogen by electrolysis of water. Although this process plays a marginal role in obtaining hydrogen on a worldwide basis due to high costs, experience in recent years has shown that periodically low (negative) electricity prices, developing on the power exchanges in the situation where there is surplus electricity available, affect economic requirements for hydrogen production technologies. The paper shows activities undertaken by European countries (mainly Germany) aiming at making it possible for hydrogen to be stored in the natural gas grids. A particular attention is given to material resource issues and possible operational problems that might arise while blending natural gas with hydrogen into the grid. The experiences of selected European countries are of particular interest from the Polish perspective, having regard to significant increase of RES in electricity generation during the last few years and adopted objectives for the growing importance of RES in the Poland’s energy balance.