Improving the methodology for observing deformations of buildings and structures

¹ Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University, 29, Politechnicheskaya Str., St. Petersburg, 195251, Russia
² Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Yaroslavskoe shosse, 26, Moscow, 129337, Russia

^* Corresponding author: tsareva_os@spbstu.ru

Abstract

The article presents the observation and evaluation method for deformations based on the use of spatial polar intersection, which is implemented by tacheometers. In the classic version, observations are carried out from fixed stations to determine the coordinates of the deformation marks, while the instrument is centered, leveled and oriented. The proposed methodology is based on two technologies for performing work: from fixed points and from free stations. When using fixed points in the first version, the total station is centered, leveled and oriented to a remote target that is the same for all stations. In the second variant, in the absence of a common remote target, measurements are made of the magnetic azimuths of the directions used to orient the instrument. In both cases, it is not necessary to have change points between stations. The option of transit traverse is possible. When observing from free stations without using change point and reference marks, it is proposed to proceed to invariant values for estimating deformations. Such invariants, in particular, are the distances between marks. The results can be used to observe the deformations of various buildings and structures.