The development of bone marrow adipose tissue

Yangzhou High School, 18 Huaihai Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China

Abstract

Adipose tissue, once viewed as a form of connective tissue and the storage of fat, has now been considered as an endocrine organ of energy homeostasis. Bone marrow is a vital organ in our body and takes up 4% of body mass. It is responsible for creating hematopoietic cells, marrow adipose tissue, and supportive stromal cells. Mesenchymal stem cells in bone marrow can differentiate to both osteoblasts and adipocytes. Studies show that the adipose tissue in the bone marrow has negative influence on bone development. And the differentiation of the adipocytes in bone marrow can be controlled by the regulation of PPARγ, which is a member of the nucleus receptor family. In another word, the absence of PPARγ in the bone marrow can be beneficial for bone development. Moreover, the osteogensis can also be regulated by Cbfβ which is negatively correlated with adipogensis. In all kinds of adipose tissue, brown adipose tissue is distinct from others. It is triggered in cold conditions and release heat energy. Overexpression of PRDM16 in myoblasts can induce brown adipose.