Modern use of historical architectural objects of Botanical gardening (foreign experience)

Saint Petersburg state University of architecture and civil engineering, 2-ya Krasnoarmeyskaya Street, 4, 190005, Saint Petersburg, Russia

^* Corresponding author: lelabel@rambler.ru

Abstract

Studying the experience of European countries that have influenced the development of world botanical architecture, such as Italy, France, Belgium, Austria and Germany, in the field of restoration and use of these historical structures, can serve as a basis for choosing alternative ways of functional use of historical greenhouses in St. Petersburg. A historical analysis of changes in the basic function of greenhouses has been carried out, which allowed us to identify two groups of causes: global and local. The beginning of active work on the restoration and reconstruction of historical greenhouses, as well as options for their adaptation to modern conditions. 64 historical greenhouses located on the territory of botanical gardens, as well as on the territory of palace and park ensembles, estates and villas of selected European countries were considered for modern use. This allowed us to distinguish three directions of their functional use: preserving the basic botanical function; changing the basic botanical function; and combining various functions. The architectural and town- planning features of the object are considered, taking into account the location on the site, the geometric characteristics and material of the greenhouses, as well as the architectural and environmental impression, taking into account the new functional use.