Bioadsorption of Modified Empty Fruit Bunch Palm Oil for Reducing its 3-MCPD Compounds using Response Surface Methodology

¹ Industrial Chemical Engineering, Vocational School, Diponegoro University, Semarang - Indonesia
² Diploma III Program of Mechanical Engineering, Vocational School, Diponegoro University, Semarang - Indonesia
³ Student of Industrial Chemical Engineering, Vocational School, Diponegoro University, Semarang - Indonesia

^* Corresponding author: riz.chemicalia@gmail.com

Abstract

Crude palm oil, consumed as a healthy food oil, contains a 3-monochloro-propane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) ester in the range of 0.04-0.05 ppm. The 3-MCPD compound is one of the contaminants belonging to the chloropropanol group that is genotoxin carcinogen. It is therefore necessary to develop an integrated palm oil refining through adsorption with a modified palm empty fruit bunch bioadsorbent to reduce 3-MCPD ester (<2 ppm / Codex Standard). Response Surface Method applied in the optimization study of the modified empty fruit bunch of oil palm. The research was designed by using Central Composite Design. The parameter process studied were temperature (60-80⁰C), time (20-40 minutes) and oil volume (400-600 ml). Response surface of the pressurized liquid water extraction of curcumin was expressed by a second-order polynomial. The research showed that temperature was the most influencing variable for the adsorption of 3-MCPD from modified empty fruit bunch of oil palm. The response surface contour plots of the RSM on the effect of temperature, time and oil volume have showed that the optimum condition for the adsorption of 3-MCPD from modified empty fruit bunch of oil palm were adsorption performed at temperature of 86.8⁰C, 46.81 minutes and oil volume of 668.17 ml.