Faecal contamination in groundwater and its association with population density: a study in coastal areas of Semarang

¹ Public Health Department, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
² Geological Engineering Department, Faculty of Technic, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
³ Industrial Engineering Department, Faculty of Technic, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia

^* Corresponding author: dinapangestuti@lecturer.undip.ac.id

Abstract

Increased population density causes the supply of clean water to be unable to meet the requirements. The coastal area of Semarang is also faced with a tidal problem. While good sanitation is a top priority in improving health, nutrition and productivity (6^th SDG target), the cause of water borne disease must be considered. This research was conducted in May 2019 at 30 points in the coastal area of Semarang, covering 9 sub-districts. Assessment of microbiology is carried out on coliform parameters and the presence of Eschericia coli. Data on septic tank type, depth, distance of the septic tank to the sample points and drainage frequency were collected. Population data are based on data from BPS. Hydrogeological mapping was used to describe the distribution of faecal contamination and other factors. Around 73.3% of the groundwater samples exceeded the coliform parameter limit and 86.7% of the samples were found to have E. coli. Only 37.5% of the septic tank is cemented and 66.7% with a safe distance from the water source. Population density was not significantly related to poor groundwater quality, because even though the area is less densely populated, E. coli is found positive in ground water.