Advance of Etiologies and Treatments on Schizophrenia

¹ Future Leadership Academy; Lingshui Li Autonomous County, Hainan ; 572400, China
² Cushing Academy; Ashburnham, Boston; MA ; 01430, US
³ University of California, Irvine; School of Biological Science ; Irvine; CA ; 92617, US

^† These authors contributed equally to this work.
^* Corresponding author.
^a Email:jiayu.chen@stu.flacademy.cn,
^b rufeng23@cushing.org,
^c ziyuanm2@uci.edu

Abstract

Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder. Among the globe, almost 70% of people with schizophrenia would experience hallucinations that make them feel insecure and progressively weakened. Etiologies and treatments of this perilous disease, therefore, are supposed to be studied in depth. Although the exact causes are still unknown, scientists highly suggest that this disorder results from the combination of genes and environments. For genetic influences, genes such as NR3C2, Dysbindin-1 (DTNBP1), Neuritin-1 (NRN1), KPNB3, and KPNA3 play insignificant roles in the development of schizophrenia. For environmental influences, researchers collected data from different aspects to infer the causes of schizophrenia. The reasons, including season of birth, urbanization, are not related to schizophrenia causation. Furthermore, if pharmacological interventions such as chlorpromazine, followed by some psychotherapy at an early stage, schizophrenia has a chance of being cured and not relapsing. Many drugs on the market target G-protein-coupled receptors. To improve their bioavailability, a new technique called lipid-based self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems formulations assists with the absorption of them.