Water Supply: RO Desalination Versus Conventional Water Treatment

¹ College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210018, China.
² College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210044, China.
³ Zhengzhou No.2 High School, Henan 450000, China
⁴ Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
⁵ The Frederick Gunn School, 99 Green Hill Rd, Washing, CT, the United States, 06793

^† These authors contributed equally.
^a 9181310131@njau.edu.cn,
^b liu_ying@hhu.edu.cn
^c webmaster@zz2z.net.cn
^d wangwm17@mails.jlu.edu
^e cn22youl@frederickgunn.org.

Abstract

Water scarcity threatens the health and development of countries worldwide due to the rapid expansion of population and climate change, pushing the government to find more innovative and sustainable ways to address water stress. Governments have adopted reverse Osmosis (RO) seawater desalination technology for its cheap raw water intake and stability. However, its environmental and financial sustainability remains disputable. In this study, three metrics, carbon footprint, cost, and waste discharge, are defined and analyzed to identify which water supply technology has greater prospects. Accounting for a full water treatment process from raw water intake to transportation and distribution, the RO desalination plant outruns traditional water treatment facilities due to less carbon emission, limited operation cost and maintenance, and less hazardous waste discharge. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of environmental and financial sustainability of existing solutions to the water supply may provide a more comprehensive understanding and further supports policy making.