Issue |
E3S Web Conf.
Volume 346, 2022
ICOLD & CFBR Symposium - SHARING WATER: MULTI-PURPOSE OF RESERVOIRS AND INNOVATIONS
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Article Number | 01019 | |
Number of page(s) | 14 | |
Section | Thème 1. Enjeux territoriaux et multi-usages de l'eau / Theme 1. Territorial and Water Multi-Purpose Issues | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202234601019 | |
Published online | 23 May 2022 |
Proposed Malewa dam in Kenya: Adequate adaptations to original design
Le projet de barrage de Malewa au Kenya : De nécessaires adaptations au projet initial
1 Egis Eau, 34965 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
2 Egis Eau, The Priory, Argwings Kodhek Road, Kilimani 508, Nairobi, Kenya
3 Egis Structures et Environnement, 38180, Seyssins, France
* Corresponding author: arnaud.lepeillet@egis.fr
Malewa dam in Kenya was first studied in the 1990s at preliminary design stage, through a study funded by Japanese Government who entrusted JICA with it. At that time, its main purpose was water supply to Nakuru, Naivasha and Gilgil cities in the Rift Valley. Thirty years later, its design was reviewed within the frame of a feasibility study funded by World Bank to account for revised needs -now excluding Nakuru- also taking into account increased awareness of environmental impact on downstream Lake Naivasha (Ramsar zone), management of the water scarcity, climate change trends, reliability issue, quality of water, sedimentation, as well as growing concern with operation and maintenance costs. Among studied solutions, focused on supply by gravity for economic reasons, and as ground water poses a serious health problem in this area due to a high fluoride content detrimental to human consumption, the construction of Malewa dam was confirmed to be the best solution after a decision making process, subject to some changes to the basic design, such as using the compensation flow to generate hydro-power to pump water to a WTP nearby the dam, mixing water with groundwater, building check dams and implementing water management and compensation measures.
Résumé
Le barrage de Malewa au Kenya a fait l’objet d’une étude préliminaire dans les années 1990 financée par le Gouvernement Japonais et confiée à JICA. Sa principale fonction était l’alimentation en eau potable des villes de Nakuru, Naivasha et Gilgil dans la « Rift Valley ». Trente ans après, sa conception a été révisée par une étude de faisabilité financée par la Banque Mondiale pour considérer des besoins revus – excluant désormais Nakuru – une prise de conscience accrue de l’impact environnemental sur le lac Naivsaha (zone Ramsar), la gestion de la pénurie d’eau, le changement climatique, la fiabilité du projet, la qualité des eaux, la sédimentation ainsi qu’une préoccupation grandissante relative aux coûts d’exploitation et de maintenance. Parmi les solutions retenues d’alimentation gravitaire, et comme les eaux souterraines posent un grave problème de santé dû à un taux élevé de fluor préjudiciable à la consommation humaine, il s’avère à l’issue d’un processus décisionnel que la construction du barrage de Malewa est la meilleure solution, moyennant quelques modifications au projet d’origine telles que l’utilisation du débit réservé pour générer de l’hydro-électricité pour pomper l’eau à la station de traitement, le mélange de l’eau de la retenue avec des eaux souterraines, ou la construction de barrages de retenue des sédiments, ainsi que l’amélioration de la gestion de la ressource, sans oublier des mesures compensatoires.
© The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2022
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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