Effects of Active Cooling Techniques to Improve The Overall Efficiency Of Photovoltaic Module- An Updated Review

¹ Research Scholar, Department of Electrical Engineering, United University, Prayagraj, U.P., India, 211012
² Department of Electrical Engineering, United University, Prayagraj, U.P., India, 211012 EMail ID: venkatesh@united.ac.in
³ Department of Mechanical Engineering, MNNIT, Prayagraj, U.P., India, 211004 EMail ID: rahuldsurya@mnnit.ac.in
⁴ Department of Electrical Engineering, MNNIT, Prayagraj, U.P., India 211004 EMail ID- nitins@mnnit.ac.in

¹ Correspondingauthor: mayankkumartiwari.phdee21@uniteduniversity.edu.in

Abstract

Our scientists have struggled for the last few decades to save the nation from the harmful emission caused by burning fossil fuel and restore enormous solar radiation energy. Despite their hard labor in this field, only 12-16% of solar radiation is converted into electrical energy. The major part of it is wastage as heat that causes to rise of panel temperature and lowers its efficiency. The aim of the review is to find out the cost-effective and efficient active cooling methods of solar photovoltaic (SPV) cell to improve their overall performance. Therefore, thirty-two active cooling techniques are thoroughly studied, compared their results from more than a hundred papers. Cooling of the SPV panel is a function of optimum spraying timing, coolant flow rate, wind condition, the distance between flow points (nozzle) to the panel, and solar radiation. The major facts revealed that the efficiency of the PV panel is optimum within 25-30⁰C, and the panel's performance decreases by 0.5% for each 1⁰C rise of panel temperature from standard temperature. The best active cooling method revealed that the electrical efficiency of the PV module could be increased by 57% with a lowering of module temperature by 32% in hot summer.