Characteristics of oil-contaminated gray-brown soils of the Absheron Peninsula

¹ Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry of ANAS, Baku, Azerbaijan
² Sumgait State University, Sumgayit, Azerbaijan
³ Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University

Abstract

Soil is an invaluable resource of the Earth. One of the factors that formed the foundations of human civilization was the land system. In modern times, the rapid growth of the population, the expansion of residential areas, the intensive development of mining, energy, transport and other fields have caused an increase in negative effects on the environment, including the properties of the soil. As a result, the reduction of biopotential occurred due to the decrease in area of soils and deterioration of their fertility indicators, especially physical, chemical, and biological composition. The provision of land suitable for agriculture in our republic is weak. This situation once again emphasizes the importance of efficient use of every inch of soil cover. It has been studied that as a result of soil contamination with oil products, the physical properties, natural morphological structure, productivity and ecological function of the soil are violated. The granulometric composition of oil-contaminated gray-brown soils of the Absheron Peninsula and the quantitative index of microorganisms were studied. It was determined that the soils are slightly clayey in the granulometric composition in the deep layers, sandy and upper layers. The amount of physical clay in the top layer to a depth of 0-100 cm (<0.01) is between 21.58-28.02%, at a depth of 100-200 cm this figure is between 11.71-19.76%. The amount of microorganisms in 1 ml of pure clay soil is about 4 · 106. In clayey soils, the number of microorganisms in low pollution (0.7%) is 3.4 · 106, in 5% pollution it is 1.9 · 106, and in high pollution (9.0%) it is 0.6 · 106.