Numerical Analysis of Hybrid Cooling Impacts on Battery Temperature under High Discharge and Outdoor Conditions

Institut Teknolgi Sepuluh Nopember, Mechanical Engineering Department, Jalan Arif Rahman Hakim, Keputih – Sukolilio, Surabaya 60111, Jawa Timur Indonesia

^* Corresponding author: wikarta@me.Its.ac.id

Abstract

As the demand for renewable energy grows and environmental consciousness increases, there’s a rising interest in electric devices as environmentally friendly solutions. However, lithium-ion batteries used in these devices are susceptible to temperature increases, particularly in outdoor settings, which can impact their performance. To tackle this issue, hybrid cooling systems that combine water cooling and PCM technology are being explored to optimize efficiency outdoors. This study aims to examine how well hybrid cooling systems perform in controlling battery temperature under two operational conditions: changes in speed and working fluid temperature. The speeds used are 0.075 L/min, 0.15 L/min, 0.3 L/min, 0.45 L/min, 0.6 L/min, and 0.75 L/min with water temperatures of 20°C, 25°C, 27°C, and 29°C at discharge rates of 1C and 2C. Results indicate that for a 1C discharge, cooling is effective at a speed of 0.15 L/min with a working temperature of 29°C, as the battery temperature remains below its maximum operational threshold. However, for a 2C discharge, the optimal condition is a flow temperature of 25°C with a speed of 0.6 L/min. Therefore, the proposed conditions can ensure that the battery temperature remains within a safe operating limit.