Nanoparticles as Potent Inhibitors of Angiogenesis: A Decade of In Vitro and In Vivo Investigations

¹ Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Rajpura - 140417, Punjab, India,
² Chitkara Centre for Research and Development, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh - 174103 India
³ Department of Computer Engineering & Application. GLA University, Mathura (U.P) - 281406
⁴ Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India,
⁵ Uttaranchal University, Dehradun - 248007, India
⁶ Department of Mechanical, GRIET, Bachupally, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
⁷ Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Bahra University, Waknaghat, Distt. Solan, HP-173234, India.
⁸ Faculty of Sciences, Research & Incubation Centre, Rayat Bahra University, Chandigarh- Ropar NH 205, Greater Mohali, Punjab, 140103, India
⁹ Department of Building & Construction Techniques, College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq

^* Corresponding author: prakriti.kapoor.orp@chitkara.edu.in

Abstract

This study analyses in vitro and in vivo research over the last decade to determine nanoparticles’ antiangiogenic effects. In vitro research has shown that gold, silver, liposomal, and polymeric nanoparticles suppress endothelial cell growth and tube formation dose-dependently. Gold nanoparticles (10 µg/mL) suppressed endothelial cell development by 45%, whereas silver (5 µg/mL), liposomal (15 µg/mL), and polymeric (20 µg/mL) reduced growth by 30%, 50%, and 60%, respectively. Assays demonstrated biocompatibility, with gold nanoparticles (5 µg/mL) achieving 80% cell viability, silver (75%), polymeric (15 µg/mL) 90%, and liposomal 85%. Animal models showed significant decrease in vascular density after nanoparticle treatment. Gold nanoparticles (5 mg/kg) lowered vascular density by 13.8%, whereas silver (2.5 mg/kg), liposomal (7.5 mg/kg), and polymeric (10 mg/kg) decreased it by 20.6%, 14.3%, and 26.1%. Although gold, silver, polymeric, and liposomal nanoparticles reduced body weight by 8%, 6.67%, 5.45%, and 6.9%, respectively whereas their systemic effects were well-tolerated. Thus nanoparticles have robust, dose- dependent antiangiogenic action in vitro and in vivo and good biocompatibility at low doses. These results suggest they may be useful targeted antiangiogenic treatments that need additional study and optimization for clinical use.