Pesticide residue exposure effect on health, growth, and development among children from agricultural area

Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha no. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia

^* Corresponding author: kahfi81@gmail.com

Abstract

Nowadays, the exposure to pesticides has become a matter of public health concern. The primary and secondary take-home exposure of pesticides may influence the health of communities. Farmworkers’ families generally live close to agricultural areas, which may increase the risk of residential pesticide exposure. Pesticide exposure affects children more than adults. Environmental quality drives the shifting patterns of children’s major health problems, from infectious to chronic diseases. Children’s developing organs may be exposed to low-dose concentrations of environmentally disruptive pesticides such as organophosphates, organochlorines, carbamates, and pyrethroids. Several groups of pesticide metabolites induce and inhibit growth and development in children. Potential health problems such as chronic respiratory disease, asthma, and wheezing in children were more often reported from agricultural communities than children from rural areas. Children who were in contact with pesticides during both their prenatal development and childhood reported diminished cognitive scores. This can be attributable to the elevated levels of pesticides found in their urine, which have been extensively documented. Diammonium phosphate (DAP) metabolites as one of the organophosphate pesticides (OPPs) residues correlate with high KIM-1 levels in urine, significantly leading to chronic kidney disease. DNA damage may be A potential reported effect in children from agricultural communities. Thus, to ensure children’s health and development, it is necessary to strengthen the impact of pesticide studies on children.